Sam Richards

A personal wiki, blog, and archive.

/threads/cryptography · last updated: oct 2026

Applied cryptography

Putting zero-knowledge proofs and other cryptographic tools to work.

posts talks projects

Most of my cryptography work happened at Privacy & Scaling Explorations, the Ethereum Foundation’s applied R&D lab. The teams turned research into open-source tools for private identity, voting, web proofs, and scaling.

My entry point was MACI. I first built with it in 2021, then led its engineering team from 2023 to 2024. It combines smart contracts, encrypted votes, and zero-knowledge proofs so a coordinator can tally a vote and anyone can check the result.

Leading MACI and later PSE shaped my approach: start with the problem, then choose the cryptography. The talks here explain the tools and how developers can use them in privacy applications.

Projects

Writing and talks